21-1克洛伊的經濟學人Chloe's Economist~ 1.政治篇: 俄國+波蘭等國禁止進口糧食 2. 科技篇: 馬斯克與AI 3.經濟篇+ 4. 訪問大學生Lara

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以下文章感謝每日一經濟學人的分享:
政治篇

1. A Russian court sentenced a prominent critic of the Putin regime to 25 years in prison for criticising the war in Ukraine, which the

prosecution considered to be tantamount to treason. Vladimir Kara-Murza, who holds dual British-Russian citizenship, told the court he stood

by “every word” and did not want to be acquitted. The judge took just minutes to rule on the case.

俄國一法院判處普丁政權的一位著名批評人士 25年監禁，其罪名是批評烏克蘭戰爭，而檢方認為這等同於叛國罪。擁有英俄雙重國籍的

Vladimir Kara-Murza 告訴法庭他堅持“每一句話”，且不想被判無罪。法官只用了幾分鐘就對此案件作出了裁決。

1. A separate Russian court upheld the detention of Evan Gershkovich, a journalist with the Wall Street Journal, on allegations of spying and

refused to grant him bail. The American government again called for his release.

另一處俄國法院支持以間諜罪名對《華爾街日報》記者 Evan Gershkovich 進行拘留，並拒絕准許他保釋。美國政府再次呼籲釋放他。

1. Poland, Hungary and Slovakia banned some Ukrainian food imports. The governments in all three countries are under pressure from

farmers, who claim that cheaper Ukrainian surpluses undercut their bottom line. Officials in the EU said the bans were possibly illegal and

counter-productive, undermining Europe’s support for Ukraine. One diplomat accused the Polish government of engaging in “gesture politics”.

The government said it would allow Ukrainian grain to transit through Poland.

波蘭、匈牙利及斯洛伐克禁止進口某些烏克蘭糧食。這三個國家政府都受到來自農民們的壓力，而農民們聲稱烏克蘭較便宜的過剩農產品削弱

了他/她們的 (利潤) 底線。歐盟官員們表示這些禁令可能非法且適得其反，並損害歐洲對烏克蘭的支持。一名外交官指責波蘭政府搞“姿態政治 /

政治作秀 (指為達特定政治目的而有之動作，意在吸引公眾注意，並無實質成效)”。(波蘭) 政府則表示將允許烏克蘭穀物透過波蘭轉運。

1. Emmanuel Macron tried to regain control of the political agenda in France after months of sometimes violent protests against his pension

reforms. He promised new measures to improve working conditions, among other things, by July 14th, Bastille Day. The French president

said now was a time for “unity”. His comments came shortly after he signed the reform, which increases the state retirement age from 62 to

64, into law.

法國總統馬克宏試圖重新控制法國的政治議程；幾個月前，馬克宏的年金改革 (政策) 經常引發嚴重抗議。他承諾在 (2023年) 7月14日巴士底日

(Bastille Day，即法國國慶日) 前採取新措施以改善工作條件等。法國總統說現在是“團結”的時候了。在他簽署將法國法定退休年齡從 62歲提升

到 64歲後，他發表了上述評論。
科技篇

1. Elon Musk said he would launch a new artificial-intelligence platform called TruthGPT as a rival to ChatGPT and other generative-AI bots,

somewhat contradicting his recent call for a moratorium on developing such technology. But Mr Musk reiterated his concerns about AI’s

potential to cause harm, even claiming it could cause the destruction of civilisation. It has emerged that Mr Musk has created a new company,

X.AI, incorporated in Nevada.

馬斯克 (Elon Musk，Teala 及 SpacX 創辦人) 表示他將推出一個名為 TruthGPT 的新人工智慧平台，作為 ChatGPT 和其他生成式人工智慧機

器人之競爭對手；這與他近期呼籲停止發展此類技術的立場有些相互矛盾。但馬斯克重申了他對人工智慧可能造成危害的擔憂，甚至聲稱它可

能導致人類文明的毀滅。最近有消息稱馬斯克創立了一家新公司 X.AI，並在 (美國) 內華達州 (Nevada) 註冊成立。

1. Mr Musk’s fascination with the letter X extends to Twitter, which has now changed its official company name to X Corp and moved its

incorporation location from Delaware to Nevada. Mr Musk has a long-stated goal of creating X, “an everything app”.

馬斯克對字母 X 的迷戀也延伸到了推特 (Twitter，源於美國的著名社群平台) 上，而該公司現已將其官方名稱更改為 X Corp，並將其註冊地點

從 (美國) 德拉瓦州 (Delaware) 轉移到 (美國) 內華達州 (Nevada)。馬斯克一直有一個創建名為 X 的“萬能應用程式”之長遠目標。

1. Sundar Pichai, Google’s boss, warned that the world was not ready for the rapid changes that new AI will bring, saying it would “impact

every product across every company” (though that isn’t stopping Google from racing ahead to integrate generative AI into its advertising,

according to a report). Mr Pichai said the problem of fake imagery would become much worse. In one recent example an image of Pope

Francis in a white puffer coat went viral on social media before it was revealed to have been generated by AI.

谷歌 (Google) 執行長 Sundar Pichai 警告全球尚未準備好迎接新人工智慧所帶來的快速變革，他說這 (指人工智慧) 將“影響每個公司的每個產

品” (儘管根據報告指出這不會阻止谷歌繼續競相將生成式人工智慧整合至其廣告中)。Sundar Pichai 表示虛假圖像的問題將變得更糟，而最近

的一個例子是一張教宗方濟各 (Pope Francis) 穿著白色羽絨外套的照片在社群媒體上迅速走紅，而後來才被發現該照片是人工智慧生成的。
經濟篇

1. Britain’s annual rate of inflation dipped in March to 10.1%, still stubbornly high and now twice America’s rate of 5%. Food prices rose the

most in 45 years. Rishi Sunak, the prime minister, promises to cut inflation by half this year.

英國年度通膨率在 (2023年) 3月降至 10.1%，但仍是美國 5% 的兩倍，且高居不下。食物價格漲幅創下 45年來新高。英國首相蘇納克 (Rishi

Sunak) 承諾在今年 (2023年) 將通膨率降低一半。

1. China’s economy grew by 4.5% in the first quarter, year on year, beating the expectations of most economists. The government lifted its

zero-covid restrictions in December, reopening the country to pent-up demand. The statistics bureau warned, however, that the recovery is

not yet solid.

中國經濟 (2023年) 第一季同比去年 (2022年) 增長 4.5%，超過大多數經濟學家們的預期。該國政府在 (2022年) 12月解除了清零政策，使該國

重新開放以滿足被壓抑的需求。然而，中國統計局警告經濟復甦仍不穩定。

1. The collapse of Silicon Valley Bank in March didn’t harm business at most of America’s big banks in the first quarter. Net profit was up by

around 50% at JPMorgan Chase, year on year, 32% at Wells Fargo, 15% at Bank of America and 7% at Citigroup. Profit plummeted by 18%

at Goldman Sachs, however, because of poor revenue from fixed income, currencies and commodities trading. Profit was also down at

Morgan Stanley, by 19%.

(2023年) 三月 (美國) 矽谷銀行 (Silicon Valley Bank) 之破產並沒有影響到美國大多數大型銀行的業務。摩根大通 (JPMorgan Chase)、富國銀

行 (Wells Fargo)、美國銀行 (Bank of America) 以及花旗銀行 (Citigroup) 等淨利潤同比增長分別約為 50%、32%、15%、7%。然而，高盛

(Goldman Sachs) 的利潤因固定收益、貨幣和商品交易等收入不佳而暴跌 18%。摩根史坦利/小摩 (Morgan Stanley) 的利潤也下降了 19%。

️

1. A $6.9bn charge related to up to 70,000 claims that its talcum powder causes cancer drove Johnson & Johnson to a small quarterly loss.

The proposed settlement totals $8.9bn, making it one of the largest-ever liability payouts at an American company.

涉及高達七萬例之滑石粉導致癌症的索賠使得嬌生 (Johnson & Johnson，美國醫療保健大廠) 在季度報告中出現小幅虧損，損失額達 69億美

元。擬議的和解金額總計 89億美元，此為美國公司有史以來最大的責任賠償之一。