Knotting the Banner：Ritual and Relationship in Daoist Practice

This book adds richly not only to understanding of the unique form of Daoism in Central Hunan today，but to the entirefashitradition that rose to prominence in the Song–Yuan。

　　In the hills of China’s central Hunan province,an anxious young apprentice officiates overa Daoist ritual known as the Banner Riteto Summon Sire Yin。 Before a crowd ofmasters，relatives，and villagers—and theentire pantheon of gods and deceased mastersritually invited to witness the event—heseeks to summon Celestial Lord Yin Jiao，theferocious deity who supplies the exorcisticpower to protect and heal bodies andspaces from illness and misfortune。 If theapprentice cannot bring forth the deity，therite is considered a failure and the ordinationsuspended: His entire professional careerhangs in the balance before it even begins。

　　This richly textured study asks how theBanner Rite works or fails to work in its ownterms。 How do the cosmological，theological,and anthropological assumptions ensconcedin the ritual itself account for its own efficacyor inefficacy？ Weaving together ethnography,textual analysis，photography，and film,David J。 Mozina invites readers into thereligious world of ritual masters in today’ssouth China。 He shows that the efficacy ofrituals like the Banner Rite is driven by theability of a ritual master to form an intimaterelationship with exorcistic deities like YinJiao，which is far from guaranteed。 Mozinareveals the ways in which such ritual claimsare rooted in the great liturgical movementsof the Song and Yuan dynasties (960–1368)and how they are performed these days amidthe social and economic pressures of rural lifein the post-Mao era。

　　Written for students and scholars of Daoismand Chinese religion，Knotting the Banner willalso appeal to anthropologists and comparativereligionists，especially those working on ritual。

　　"Knotting the Banneris a major contribution to the study of Daoist ritual，focused on the notion of relationships: between human and divine beings，masters and disciples，and among the people of communities that rely on the services of Daoist priests for dealing with problems related to the otherworld。 In this way，it breaks new ground and will be deeply appreciated by anybody interested in the study of Daoism as a ritual tradition。"—Poul Andersen，University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa

　　"This book is not intended for those whose certainties are settled，nor for those who see things from afar and from above。 Marrying rigor and honesty，historical anthropology and meticulous ethnology，David Mozina examines the ordination of a young apprentice hoping to enter a lineage of ritual masters in the neglected region of central Hunan。 His attention to that moment allows us to see the recent and distant history of this lineage，which maintains a dual Daoist-Buddhist tradition that both worships the Daoist martial deity Yin Jiao and practices a Buddhist exorcistic tradition claiming to originate in the Song-dynasty monk Pu’an。 With precision，Mozina analyzes the Banner Rite，a crucial moment in the ordination ceremony。 He shows how much this particular ritual and the liturgical traditions on which it draws reflect the idea that ritual is about communication between initiates and deities and the establishment of a constantly renewed contract binding men and gods。 Mozina’s book is intended for all those，specialists or not，who wish to understand what ‘religion’ and ‘religious practice’ mean in China。"—Alain Arrault，École française d’Extrême-Orient；
École des hautes études en sciences sociales，Paris

　　"This is a first-hand report on Daoism in contemporary China based on fieldwork in the nearly unknown Anhua district of Hunan province。 In spite of the torments Chinese religious specialists suffered during the twentieth century，they survive and continue a long liturgical tradition flowing from the religious movements of the eleventh through fourteenth centuries。 Their story is told through an exploration of the Banner Rite，one of the most mysterious rituals in the entire repertoire of these Daoists。 This wonderful book，full of data about religion and society，is a major contribution and should attract new researchers to the burgeoning field of Hunan Daoist studies。"—Patrice Fava，École française d’Extrême-Orient；Renmin University，Beijing

　　"The emerging field of Daoist ritual is essential to our understanding of Chinese culture and society，but much of the work being done is technical and not easily accessed by non-specialists。 David Mozina’s highly readable and engaging book is a breakthrough。 He explains the fundamental logic of Daoist ritual and the worldview it stages in a way that both makes immediate sense and does full justice to the complexity of historical developments，regional variations，and diversity of ritual traditions。 He starts from a detailed，exemplary ethnography，focusing on one young priest’s ordination ritual in central Hunan，then he explains how this ritual ‘works’ based on his thorough command of the deep textual heritage it draws on。 His book’s fundamental insights will nurture scholarship for many years to come。"—Vincent Goossaert，École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE，PSL)，Paris

　　"Based on original fieldwork and wide reading in the field,Knotting the Banneradds richly not only to our understanding of the unique form of Daoism still thriving in Central Hunan today，but to the entire fashi tradition that rose to prominence in the Song-Yuan。 Canonical sources are put to excellent use by the author in explaining the liturgical work of married Hunan Daoists，and his fieldwork furnishes insight into the centrality of their liturgical lineages。 By conjugating fieldwork and historical analysis，this book makes a major contribution to our understanding of modern ritual traditions，especially in South China。"—John Lagerwey，The Chinese University of Hong Kong